Copper is an important mineral that provides many long-term benefits and plays a vital role in several physiological processes when present in micro-amounts in your dog’s body. However, certain genetic mutations can cause an abnormal build-up of copper, leading to Copper Storage Disease (CSD). Knowing which breeds are prone to this ailment and identifying dogs with these genetic mutations can help prevent the harmful complications that occur from of the disease.

What is ATP7B?

Copper storage disease, also known as Wilson’s disease, occurs when excess copper accumulates in the liver and brain of canines. Normally, copper is excreted into bile and removed from the body via the excretory system. Dogs with CSD (ATP7B) accumulate copper in the hepatocytes (tissue of the liver) as they cannot transport copper to the Golgi apparatus in the cell. The accumulation of copper in the liver may cause hepatic cirrhosis, whereas accumulation in the brain causes neuropsychiatric symptoms. Accumulation of copper in both these organs can be fatal if left untreated.

CSD occurs due to the presence or absence of a causal mutation in the copper transporter ATP7B gene. This specific mutation is more likely to occur in middle-aged Labrador Retriever or Labrador crossbreeds. It is an autosomal recessive mutation and requires the inheritance of two copies of the mutant allele to cause disease.

What are the Symptoms?

Not all dogs with excessive copper accumulations show symptoms, despite the copper being present in large quantities in their bodies. Symptoms may include poor appetite, weight loss, vomiting, diarrhoea; increased thirst and urination; abdominal discomfort, swelling; fever and lethargy; pale gums; jaundice, and disorientation.

What are the treatment options?

The goal of treating CSD is to remove the excess copper from your dog’s body and the prevent future consumption of excess copper. This can be achieved through a therapeutic low-copper diet, which will need to be implemented as a lifestyle change for your dog. Alternatively, it may be managed through use of a copper chelation medication, which will bind the accumulated copper in your pet’s system and help with excretion. Your veterinarian can advise you on the best therapeutic course to use to treat your pup.

Can your dog recover from Copper Storage Disease?

Recovery from CSD is uncommon, but with the right supportive care and dietary changes, your dog’s quality of life can improve. Regular monitoring of your dog’s liver and brain health will be essential to keep them healthy. If left untreated, CSD can permanently damage your dog’s liver function. Testing your dog’s genetic health status early on would be best, so that preventative measures can be taken sooner rather than later, should your dog carry the genetic mutation.

Where can I get genetic health tests done?

At ZooOmics, we provide both health and colour testing as well as DNA profiles for both canine and feline. We utilise innovative technology to perform mutation testing and provide certificates for all testing, which can be submitted to registrars and breed societies.

For inquiries about sample collection, shipping, processing, and services, please contact us at info@ZooOmics.co.za. Alternatively, visit our website at www.zooomics.co.za to download our sample submission form.